Equivalent Expressions
Consider the expressions and . Both are equal to . That is, they are equivalent expressions.
Now let us consider some expressions that include variables, say .
The expression can be rewritten as .
We can re-group the right side of the equation to or or some other combination. All these expressions have the same value, whenever the same value is substituted for . That is, they are equivalent expressions.
Two expressions are said to be equivalent if they have the same value irrespective of the value of the variable(s) in them.
Example 1:
Are the two expressions and equivalent? Explain your answer.
Combine the like terms of the first expression.
Here, the terms and are like terms. So, add their coefficients. .
Also, and can be combined to get .
Thus, .
Therefore, the two expressions are equivalent.
Example 2:
Are the two expressions and equivalent? Explain your answer.
Use the Distributive Law to expand the first expression.
Therefore, the two expressions are equivalent.
Example 3:
Check whether the two expressions and equivalent.
The first expression is the sum of 's and 's whereas the second one is the sum of 's and 's.
Let us evaluate the expressions for some values of and . Take and .
So, there is at least one pair of values of the variables for which the two expressions are not the same.
Therefore, the two expressions are not equivalent.
Example 4:
Check whether the two expressions and equivalent.
Consider the first expression for any non-zero values of the variable.
Cancel the common terms.
Combine the like terms of the second expression.
So, when .
When , the expression is not defined.
That is, the expressions are equivalent except when . They are not equivalent in general.